In June 2025, my book "111 Places In Space You Must Not Miss" was published by Emons Verlag in Cologne. The book includes 111 "chapters" covering various locations in space, each one comprising a descriptive text and a full page image of the location in question. The book is available to buy via all the usual booksellers both online and in physical shops.
I've set up this webpage as a companion to the book, to give additional information. In particular, I'm keeping a list of errata discovered in the book. I've tried to check everything thoroughly, but it's almost inevitable that some errors have crept in, either when I was writing the book or when it was edited, and the best I can do before a possible revised edition is printed is to note them here.
I'm also repeating the credits for each image, as given in the book, but here also with a URL directing you to the original image source online, in case you want to view it directly and/or perhaps download it for your own purposes. Please be aware of the image licences though.
Errata (as of 11 July 2025):
Chapter 7: Comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko
In the first paragraph, the sentence reading "Early cometary missions were brief flybys, beginning with ESA’s Giotto and Halley’s Comet in 1986." is incorrect. If the words "beginning with" were replaced with "including", it would be ok.
Giotto made its closest approach to Comet 1P/Halley at less than 600 km on 13 March 1986, taking close-up images. Other members of the Halley flotilla made their closest approaches to the comet a few days earlier: the Soviet Vega-1 mission at 8,890 km on 6 March and Vega-2 at 8,030 km on 9 March, and the Japanese Suisei and Sakigake spacecraft at 151,000 km on 8 March and 7,000,000 km on 11 March, respectively.
The images taken by Vega-1 helped provide last-minute course corrections for both Vega-2 and Giotto, as described here:
But more importantly, the first spacecraft to encounter a comet was the NASA International Cometary Explorer (ICE) mission, formerly known as the International Sun-Earth Explorer-3 (ISEE-3). It made a fly-by of Comet 21P/Giacobini-Zinner about six months earlier, passing within 7,800 km on 11 September 1985. Unlike the Vega and Giotto missions to Halley, however, ICE was not carrying any cameras, so could not take any pictures.
More information on missions to explore comets, including those that came after the Halley flotilla, can be found here:
Chapter 68: Polaris
In the final paragraph, there is a typo in the sentence that reads: "They are not lit up by Polaris, however, and lie far beyond three stars and well outside the main body of our galaxy". There is a "the" missing between "beyond" and "three".
Image credits and URLs:
Most of the images from government agencies such as ESA, NASA, ESO, NOIRLab, etc., are are released under Creative Commons licences, e.g. CC BY or CC BY-SA. Many other images come from talented astrophotographers who made images using their own observatories, or equally talented "image processors" who downloaded data from the various public telescope and satellite mission archives and created their own image mosaics or composites. Many of these images were also released under CC BY or CC BY-SA licences, but in cases where they are under more restrictive licences such as CC BY-SA-NC or full copyright, they have kindly granted me permission to use their work in my book.
Full credits for the all of the images are given in print in the book along with the CC licences, where applicable. But there was insufficient room to include URL's to the source images, so I have made a list here and the address of this page is given in the book.
The book is ordered in three sections, namely Solar System, Milky Way, and Deep Space, and the locations are then sorted alphabetically within each section.
Cover: Carina Nebula
VLT HAWK-I / ESO, Thomas Preibisch, CC BY 4.0 INT
https://www.eso.org/public/news/eso1208/Chapter 1: Apollo 12
Chandrayaan-2 / ISRO / image processing by Mark McCaughrean, CC BY-SA
Using data downloaded from:
My image here:
Chapter 2: Arrokoth
New Horizons / NASA, Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Southwest Research Institute / image processing by Roman Tkachenko
Chapter 3: Caloris Basin
MESSENGER / NASA, Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Carnegie Institution of Washington
Chapter 4: Ceres
Dawn / NASA, JPL-Caltech, UCLA, MPS, DLR, IDA / image processing Daniel Macháček, CC BY-NC-ND
Chapter 5: Charon
New Horizons / NASA, Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Southwest Research Institute
Chapter 6: The Cliffs of Hathor
Rosetta / ESA, NAVCAM / image processing Mark McCaughrean, CC BY-SA
NAVCAM data from 10 December 2014 downloaded from:
My image here:
Chapter 7: Comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko
Rosetta / ESA, OSIRIS Team / image processing Mark McCaughrean, CC BY-SA
OSIRIS WAC data from 4 June 2015 downloaded from:
My image here:
Chapter 8: Dimorphos
DART / NASA, Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory
Chapter 9: Dust Devils of Mars
Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter / NASA, JPL, University of Arizona / image processing Mark McCaughrean, CC BY-SA
HiRISE data from 6 September 2018 downloaded from:
Chapter 10: Europa
Galileo / NASA, JPL-Caltech, SETI Institute
Chapter 11: The “Face” on Mars
Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter / NASA, JPL, University of Arizona
Chapter 12: Far Side of the Moon
Apollo 16 / NASA, JSC, ASU / image processing Mark McCaughrean, CC BY-SA
Raw Apollo 16 photography scans downloaded from:
Chapter 13: Ganymede
Juno / NASA, JPL-Caltech, SwRI, MSSS / image processing Kevin M. Gill, CC BY
Chapter 14: Hubble Space Telescope
Space Shuttle Atlantis / NASA
Chapter 15: Hyperion
Cassini / NASA, JPL-Caltech, Space Science Institute / image processing Phatom87
Chapter 16: International Space Station
Crew Dragon / ESA, NASA, Thomas Pesquet
Chapter 17: Io
Voyager 1 / NASA, JPL-Caltech / image processing Daniel Macháček
Chapter 18: Jupiter
Juno / NASA, JPL-Caltech, SwRI, MSSS / image processing Kevin M. Gill, CC BY
Chapter 19: Lutetia
Rosetta / ESA, OSIRIS Team / image processing Ted Stryk, CC BY-NC-ND
Chapter 20: Maat Mons
Magellan / NASA, USGS / image processing Mark McCaughrean, CC BY-SA
Magellan radar data downloaded from:
Chapter 21: Mars
Hope Mars Mission / UAE, EXI / image processing Jason Major, CC BY-NC-SA
Chapter 22: Mercury
MESSENGER / NASA, Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Carnegie Institution of Washington
Chapter 23: Miranda
Voyager 2 / NASA, JPL-Caltech / image processing Jason Major, CC BY-NC-SA
Chapter 24: Near Side of the Moon
© Dennis Mellican
Chapter 25: Neptune
Voyager 2 / NASA, JPL-Caltech / image processing Ardenau4, CC0
Chapter 26: North Polar Hexagon
Cassini / NASA, JPL-Caltech, Space Science Institute / image processing Mark McCaughrean, CC BY-SA
Colourised Cassini ISS image downloaded from:
Chapter 27: Olympus Mons
Mars Express / ESA, DLR, FU Berlin, HRSC / image processing Andrea Luck, CC BY-2.0
Chapter 28: ‘Oumuamua
ESO, Martin Kornmesser, Mark McCaughrean, CC-BY
Chapter 29: The Pale Blue Dot
International Space Station / ESA, NASA, Alex Gerst
Chapter 30: Phobos
Mars Express / ESA, DLR, FU Berlin, HRSC / image processing Andrea Luck, CC BY
Chapter 31: Plumes of Enceladus
Cassini / NASA, JPL-Caltech, Space Science Institute / image processing Mark McCaughrean, CC BY-SA
Cassini ISS data from 21 November 2009 downloaded from:
Chapter 32: Pluto
New Horizons / NASA, Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Southwest Research Institute, Alex Parker
Chapter 33: Rings of Saturn
Cassini / NASA, JPL-Caltech, Space Science Institute
Chapter 34: The Sun
Solar Orbiter / ESA, NASA, EUI Team / image processing Mark McCaughrean, CC BY-SA
EUI FSI data from 2 October 2024 downloaded from:
Chapter 35: Sunspots
© Swedish 1-m Solar Telescope / L. Rouppe van der Voort (University of Oslo)
Colourised version of http://tsih3.uio.no/lapalma/gallery/images/wb4846_AR13376_20Jul2023_114609.png
Chapter 36: Titan
Cassini / NASA, JPL-Caltech, Space Science Institute / image processing Aster Cowart, CC BY-NC
Chapter 37: Triton
Voyager 2 / NASA, JPL-Caltech / image processing Ted Stryk
Chapter 38: Uranus
Voyager 2 / NASA, JPL-Caltech / image processing Ardenau4, CC0
Chapter 39: Venus
Akatsuki / JAXA, ISAS, DARTS / image processing Mark McCaughrean, CC BY-SA
DARTS UVI data from 23 December 2016 downloaded from:
Chapter 40: AG Carinae
Hubble Space Telescope / NASA, ESA, STScI, CC BY 4.0 INT
Chapter 41: Alpha Centauri System
© Nevenka Blagović Horvat & Miroslav Horvat
Author reprocessed version of https://www.astrobin.com/p9l0o8/
Chapter 42: Betelgeuse
Mark McCaughrean, CC BY-SA
Chapter 43: Boomerang Nebula
Hubble Space Telescope / NASA, ESA / image processing Judy Schmidt, CC BY 2.0
Chapter 44: Bubble Nebula
Hubble Space Telescope / NASA, ESA, & the Hubble Heritage Team, CC BY 4.0 INT
Chapter 45: Carina’s Bok Globules
Hubble Space Telescope / NASA, ESA, N. Smith (University of California, Berkeley), the Hubble Heritage Team (STScI/AURA), & NOAO/AURA/NSF, CC BY 4.0 INT
Chapter 46: Cat’s Eye Nebula
Hubble Space Telescope & Chandra / NASA, ESA, HEIC, & the Hubble Heritage Team (STScI/AURA); acknowledgement R. Corradi (Isaac Newton Group of Telescopes, Spain) & Z. Tsvetanov (NASA), CXC, RIT, J. Kastner et al., CC BY 4.0 INT
Chapter 47: Cederblad 110
James Webb Space Telescope / NASA, ESA, CSA, M. Zamani (ESA/Webb), F. Sun, (Steward Observatory), Z. Smith (Open University), & the Ice Age ERS Team, CC BY 4.0 INT
Chapter 48: Cometary Globule 4
DECam / CTIO, NOIRLab, DOE, NSF, AURA / image processing T. A. Rector (University of Alaska Anchorage/NSF NOIRLab), D. de Martin & M. Zamani (NSF NOIRLab), CC BY 4.0 INT
Chapter 49: Cosmic Bat Nebula
Ralph Wilhelm, Carpe-Noctem-Rooisand team, CC BY-ND
Chapter 50: Crab Nebula
James Webb Space Telescope / NASA, ESA, CSA, STScI, T. Temim, CC BY 4.0 INT
Chapter 51: CW Leonis
Hubble Space Telescope / NASA, ESA, Toshiya Ueta (University of Denver), Hyosun Kim (KASI)
Chapter 51: Cygnus X
Spitzer & WISE / NASA, The Cygnus-X Spitzer Legacy Survey, WISE Image Service / image processing Judy Schmidt, CC BY 2.0
Chapter 52: Elephant’s Trunk Nebula
Mayall 4m / NOIRLab / image processing T. A. Rector (University of Alaska Anchorage) & H. Schweiker (WIYN & NOIRLab/NSF/AURA), CC BY 4.0
Chapter 54: Galactic Center
MeerKAT, Spitzer, WISE / I. Heywood (SARAO), NASA, JPL-Caltech / image processing Judy Schmidt, CC BY
Chapter 55: HD209458b
Digitized Sky Survey / ESA, NASA, CC BY
Chapter 56: Herbig-Haro 212
James Webb Space Telescope / NASA, ESA, CSA, Mark McCaughrean & Sam Pearson (ESA), CC BY-SA
Chapter 57: Horsehead Nebula
Euclid / ESA, Euclid Consortium, NASA / image processing J.-C. Cuillandre (CEA Paris-Saclay), G. Anselmi, CC BY-SA 3.0 IGO
Chapter 58: HR8799
Large Binocular Telescope / A.-L. Maire
Chapter 59: Lagoon Nebula
Hubble Space Telescope / NASA, ESA, STScI, CC BY 4.0 INT
Chapter 60: LL Pegasi
Hubble Space Telescope / NASA, ESA, R. Sahai / image processing Judy Schmidt, CC BY
Chapter 61: The Milky Way
Gaia / ESA, DPAC / acknowledgement André Moitinho, CC BY-SA 3.0 IGO
Chapter 62: NGC1999:
Hubble Space Telescope & VST / ESA, NASA, ESO, K. Noll, CC BY 4.0 INT
Chapter 63: The OMC-1 Explosion
James Webb Space Telescope / NASA, ESA, CSA, Mark McCaughrean & Sam Pearson (ESA), CC BY-SA
Chapter 64: Omega Centauri
VLT Survey Telescope / ESO, CC BY
Chapter 65: Orion Nebula
Hubble Space Telescope / NASA, ESA, M. Robberto (Space Telescope Science Institute/ESA) & the Hubble Space Telescope Orion Treasury Project Team, CC BY 4.0 INT
Chapter 66: Pillars of Creation
James Webb Space Telescope / NASA, ESA, CSA, STScI / image processing Joseph DePasquale, Anton M. Koekemoer, Alyssa Pagan, CC BY 4.0 INT
Chapter 67: The Pleiades
Giuseppe Donatiello, CC0
Chapter 68: Polaris
© Miguel Claro | Dark Sky® Alqueva Official Observatory
Chapter 69: R Aquarii
Hubble Space Telescope / NASA, ESA, M. Stute, M. Karovska / image processing D. de Martin & M. Zamani (ESA/Hubble), CC BY 4.0 INT
Chapter 70: Ring Nebula
James Webb Space Telescope / NASA, ESA, CSA, STScI, CC BY 4.0 INT
Chapter 71: RS Puppis
Hubble Space Telescope / NASA, ESA, & the Hubble Heritage Team (STScI/AURA), Hubble/Europe Collaboration, acknowledgement: H. Bond (STScI & Penn State University), CC BY 4.0 INT
Chapter 72: Serpens Nebula
James Webb Space Telescope / NASA, ESA, CSA, STScI, Klaus Pontoppidan (NASA-JPL), Joel Green (STScI), CC BY 4.0 INT
Chapter 73: Sirius
Mark McCaughrean, CC BY-SA
Chapter 74: Taurus-Auriga Dark Clouds
© Adam Block, Steward Observatory, University of Arizona
Chapter 75: Terzan 5
Hubble Space Telescope / NASA, ESA, F. Ferraro, CC BY 4.0 INT
Chapter 76: Vela Supernova Remnant
DECam / CTIO, NOIRLab, DOE, NSF, AURA / image processing T. A. Rector (University of Alaska Anchorage/NSF NOIRLab), M. Zamani & D. de Martin (NSF NOIRLab), CC BY 4.0 INT
Chapter 77: Westerlund 1
James Webb Space Telescope / NASA, ESA, CSA, M. Zamani (ESA/Webb), M. G. Guarcello (INAF-OAPA) & the EWOCS team, CC BY 4.0 INT
Chapter 78: Zeta Ophiuchi
Spitzer / NASA, JPL-Caltech
Chapter 79: Andromeda Galaxy
Marcel Drechsler, Yann Sainty, CC BY-ND;
Chapter 80: The Antennae
Hubble Space Telescope / NASA, ESA, & the Hubble Heritage Team (STScI/AURA)-ESA/Hubble Collaboration, acknowledgement B. Whitmore (STScI) & James Long (ESA/Hubble), CC BY 4.0 INT
Chapter 81: Arp 282
Hubble Space Telescope / NASA, ESA, J. Dalcanton, Dark Energy Survey, DOE, FNAL, DECam, & CTIO, NOIRLab, NSF, AURA, SDSS, acknowledgement Judy Schmidt, CC BY 4.0 INT
Chapter 82: Cartwheel Galaxy
James Webb Space Telescope / NASA, ESA, CSA, STScI, CC BY 4.0 INT
Chapter 83: Cigar Galaxy
Hubble Space Telescope / NASA, ESA, & the Hubble Heritage Team (STScI/AURA), acknowledgement J. Gallagher (University of Wisconsin), M. Mountain (STScI), & P. Puxley (National Science Foundation), CC BY 4.0 INT
Chapter 84: The CMB
Planck / ESA, Planck Collaboration / image processing Mark McCaughrean, CC BY-SA
Data downloaded from 2018 Planck Legacy Archive:
My image is available here:
Chapter 85: ESO 137-001
Hubble Space Telescope & Chandra X-ray Observatory / NASA, ESA, CXC, CC BY 4.0 INT
Chapter 86: ESO 306-17
Hubble Space Telescope / NASA, ESA, & Michael West (ESO), CC BY 4.0 INT
Chapter 87: Fornax A
Hubble Space Telescope / NASA, ESA, & the Hubble Heritage Team (STScI, AURA), acknowledgement P. Goudfrooij (STScI), CC BY 4.0 INT
Chapter 88: The Great Attractor
Hubble Space Telescope / NASA, ESA, CC BY 4.0 INT
Chapter 89: Hanny’s Voorwerp
Hubble Space Telescope / NASA, ESA, STScI, WIYN, W. Keel et al. / image processing Judy Schmidt, CC BY
Chapter 90: JADES Origins Deep Field
James Webb Space Telescope / NASA, ESA, CSA, J. Olmsted (STScI), S. Carniani (Scuola Normale Superiore), JADES Collaboration, CC BY 4.0 INT
Chapter 91: MACS J0025.4-1222
Chandra X-Ray Observatory & Hubble Space Telescope / NASA, CXC, Stanford, S. Allen, NASA, STScI, UC Santa Barbara, M. Bradac, CC0
Chapter 92: Messier 74
Hubble Space Telescope / NASA, ESA, R. Chandar, CC BY 4.0 INT
Chapter 93: Messier 87
Hubble Space Telescope / NASA, ESA, & the Hubble Heritage Team (STScI/AURA), acknowledgement P. Cote (Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics) & E. Baltz (Stanford University), CC BY 4.0 INT
Chapter 94: Messier 106
Hubble Space Telescope / NASA, ESA, the Hubble Heritage Team (STScI/AURA), & R. Gendler (for the Hubble Heritage Team), acknowledgement J. GaBany, CC BY 4.0 INT
Chapter 95: NGC474
DECam / DES, DOE, Fermilab, NCSA & CTIO, NOIRLab, NSF, AURA / image processing DES, Jen Miller (Gemini Observatory/NSF NOIRLab), Travis Rector (University of Alaska Anchorage), Mahdi Zamani & Davide de Martin, CC BY 4.0
Chapter 96: NGC660
International Gemini Observatory / AURA / image processing Travis Rector (University of Alaska Anchorage), CC BY
Chapter 97: NGC1365
DECam / Dark Energy Survey, DOE, FNAL, CTIO, NOIRLab, NSF, AURA / image processing Travis Rector (University of Alaska Anchorage/NSF NOIRLab), Jen Miller (Gemini Observatory/NSF NOIRLab), Mahdi Zamani & Davide de Martin (NSF NOIRLab), CC BY
Chapter 98: NGC2276
Hubble Space Telescope / NASA, ESA, P. Sell, acknowledgement L. Shatz, CC BY 4.0 INT
Chapter 99: NGC2775
Hubble Space Telescope / NASA, ESA, J. Lee & the PHANGS-HST Team, acknowledgement: Judy Schmidt, CC BY 4.0 INT
Chapter 100: NGC4753
Hubble Space Telescope / NASA, ESA, L. Kelsey, CC BY 4.0 INT
Chapter 101: NGC7331
Hubble Space Telescope / NASA, ESA, D. Milisavljevic (Purdue University), CC BY 4.0 INT
Chapter 102: Nubecula Major
© Robert Gendler
Chapter 103: Perseus Cluster
Euclid / ESA, Euclid Consortium, NASA / image processing J.-C. Cuillandre (CEA Paris-Saclay), G. Anselmi, CC BY-SA 3.0 IGO
Chapter 104: Pōwehi
Event Horizon Telescope / EHT Collaboration, L. Medeiros (Institute for Advanced Study), D. Psaltis (Georgia Tech), T. Lauer (NSF NOIRLab), & F. Ozel (Georgia Tech), CC BY
Chapter 105: SMACS J0723.3-7327
James Webb Space Telescope / NASA, ESA, CSA, STScI, CC BY 4.0 INT
Chapter 106: Sombrero Galaxy
Hubble Space Telescope / NASA, ESA, & the Hubble Heritage Team (STScI/AURA), CC BY 4.0 INT
Chapter 107: Spanish Dancer Galaxy
James Webb Space Telescope / NASA, ESA, CSA / image processing Judy Schmidt, CC BY 2.0
Chapter 108: Spindle Galaxy
Hubble Space Telescope / NASA, ESA, & the Hubble Heritage Project (STScI, AURA), acknowledegment: William Keel (University of Alabama), CC BY 4.0 INT
Chapter 109: Stephan’s Quintet
Hubble Space Telescope & James Webb Space Telescope / NASA, ESA & the Hubble SM4 ERO Team; NASA, ESA, CSA, & STScI / image processing by Mark McCaughrean, CC BY-SA
This is a combination of two previously-published HST & JWST images, available here:
My combined image here:
Chapter 110: Supernova 1987A
Hubble Space Telescope / NASA, ESA, Robert P. Kirshner (CfA, Moore Foundation), Max Mutchler (STScI), Roberto Avila (STScI), CC BY 4.0 INT
Chapter 111: Tarantula Nebula
Hubble Space Telescope / NASA, ESA, E. Sabbi (STScI), CC BY 4.0 INT